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1 day

健康な成人のインフルエンザに対する、新薬「バロキサビル」 vs 旧薬「オセルタミビル」

☆ Hayden FG, et al.　Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults and Adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379: 913-923. PMID: 30184455

参考文献

1. Uyeki TM. A Step Forward in the Treatment of Influenza. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379: 975-977. PMID: 30184452
2. Hirotsu N, et al. Baloxavir Marboxil in Japanese Pediatric Patients With Influenza: Safety and Clinical and Virologic Outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2019. pii: ciz908. PMID: 31538644
3. Takashita E, et al. Detection of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses Exhibiting Reduced Susceptibility to the Novel Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibitor Baloxavir in Japan, December 2018. Euro Surveill. 2019; 24. PMID: 30670142
4. FDA. CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION. No: 210854Orig1 s000.
5. ゾフルーザ®．インタビューフォーム．
6. Jefferson T, et al. Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Preventing and Treating Influenza in Healthy Adults and Children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; (4): CD008965. PMID: 24718923
7. Heneghan CJ, et al. Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Regulatory and Mortality Data. Health Technol Assess. 2016; 20: 1-242. PMID: 27246259

2 day

介護施設に居住している認知症患者の肺炎に対する、抗菌薬投与の有益性

☆ Givens JL, et al. Survival and comfort after treatment of pneumonia in advanced dementia. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 1102-1107. PMID: 20625013

参考文献

1. Van Der Steen JT, et al. Discomfort in dementia patients dying from pneumonia and its relief by antibiotics. Scand J Infect Dis. 2009; 41: 143-151. PMID: 19065450
2. Van der Steen JT, et al. Withholding antibiotic treatment in pneumonia patients with dementia: a quantitative observational study. Arch Intern Med. 2002; 162: 1753-1760. PMID: 12153379
3. Low JA, et al. Treatment of recurrent aspiration pneumonia in end-stage dementia: preferences and choices of a group of elderly nursing home residents. Intern Med J. 2003; 33: 345-349. PMID: 12895164
4. 厚生労働省．薬剤耐性（AMR）対策について．　
5. van der Steen JT, et al. Pneumonia: The Demented Patient's Best Friend? Discomfort After Starting or Withholding Antibiotic Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002; 50: 1681–1688. PMID: 12366622
6. Mitchell SL, et al. The Clinical Course of Advanced Dementia. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361: 1529–1538. PMID: 19828530
7. 岸田直樹．誰も教えてくれなかった「風邪」の診かた．医学書院．2019. 3-308.
8. Prunty MM, et al. Guilt Experienced by Caregivers to Individuals With Dementia: A Concept Analysis. Int J Older People Nurs. 2019; 14: e12227. PMID: 30793838
9. Givens JL, et al. Sources of Stress for Family Members of Nursing Home Residents With Advanced Dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2012; 26: 254–259. PMID: 22037596

3 day

風邪に対する抗菌薬投与は、肺炎をどのくらい予防するか

☆ Meropol SB, et al. Risks and benefits associated with antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections: a cohort study . Ann Fam Med. 2013; 11: 165-172. PMID: 23508604

参考文献

1. 藤井良知. 小児感冒に対する抗生物質使用の価値. CHEMOTHERAPY. 1959; 7: 109-127.
2. 月刊ナーシング．学研メディカル秀潤社．1987; 3.
3. 日経メディカル．日経BP．2003; 9.
4. Harris AM, et al. Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Advice for High-Value Care From the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164: 425-434. PMID: 26785402
5. 厚生労働省健康局結核感染症課．抗微生物薬適正使用の手引き 第二版．
6. Petersen I, et al. Protective Effect of Antibiotics Against Serious Complications of Common Respiratory Tract Infections: Retrospective Cohort Study With the UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ. 2007; 335: 982. PMID: 17947744
7. 山本舜悟，編著．かぜ診療マニュアル第3 版．日本医事新報社．2019．
8. Peñalva G, et al. Long-term Impact of an Educational Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme in Primary Care on Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli in the Community: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20: 199-207. PMID: 31767423
9. Sakata H. Comparative Study of 5-day Cefcapene-Pivoxil and 10-day Amoxicillin or Cefcapene-Pivoxil for Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children. J Infect Chemother. 2008; 14: 208-212. PMID: 18574656
10. 厚生労働省委託事業 クリニカル臨床リファレンスセンター. 薬剤耐性の脅威とは ～知ろうAMR、考えようあなたのクスリ～．

4 day

「うがい」の習慣は、風邪の予防にどのくらい役立つか

☆ Satomura K, et al. Prevention of upper respiratory tract infections by gargling: a randomized trial. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 29: 302-307. PMID: 16242593

参考文献

1. 厚生労働省．インフルエンザの基礎知識．2007.
2. CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (Flu): Preventive Steps.
3. 富田　勉, 他. 消毒剤を含有する市販ハンドソープ及びうがい剤製品の殺菌ウイルス不活化作用. 感染症. 2018; 92：670-677．
4. Goodall EC, et al. Vitamin D3 and Gargling for the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14: 273. PMID: 24885201
5. CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Handwashing: Clean Hands Save Lives : When & How to Wash Your Hands.
6. 西村 秀一, 他. 低濃度二酸化塩素による空中浮遊インフルエンザウイルスの制御―ウイルス失活効果の湿度依存性―. 日本環境感染学会誌. 2017; 32: 243-249.
7. 国民生活センター. 二酸化塩素による除菌をうたった商品　－部屋等で使う据置タイプについて－. 2010.
8. Park M, et al. Green tea consumption is inversely associated with the incidence of influenza infection among schoolchildren in a tea plantation area of Japan. J Nutr. 2011; 141: 1862-1870. PMID: 21832025
9. Hemilä H, et al. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; (1): CD000980. PMID: 23440782
10. Hui DS, et al. A Multicentre Surveillance Study on the Characteristics, Bacterial Aetiologies and in Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibilities in Patients With Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis. Respirology. 2011; 16: 532-539. PMID: 21299688
11. Sethi S, et al. Infection in the Pathogenesis and Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 2355-2365. PMID: 19038881

5 day

風邪の初期に飲む市販薬 「葛根湯」 vs 「パブロンゴールドＡ」

☆ Okabayashi S, et al. Non-superiority of Kakkonto, a Japanese herbal medicine, to a representative multiple cold medicine with respect to anti-aggravation effects on the common cold: a randomized controlled trial . Intern Med. 2014; 53: 949-956. PMID: 24785885

参考文献

1. Sperber SJ, et al. Chemotherapy of Rhinovirus Colds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988; 32: 409-419. PMID: 2897829
2. 山本舜悟，編著．かぜ診療マニュアル第3 版．日本医事新報社．2019. 55.

6 day

風邪で小児が夜間に咳をしている際、「ハチミツ」で症状を軽減できるか

☆ Cohen HA, et al. Effect of honey on nocturnal cough and sleep quality: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study . Pediatrics. 2012; 130: 465-471. PMID: 22869830

参考文献

1. 東京都福祉保健局．食中毒を起こす微生物：ボツリヌス菌．
2. 内村眞佐子, 他. 乳児ボツリヌス症の原因食品に関する調査　ハチミツのボツリヌス菌汚染について. 千葉衛研報告. 1987;11: 39-41.
3. MSDマニュアル　プロフェッショナル版. ボツリヌス症.
4. Smith SM, et al. Over-the-counter (OTC) Medications for Acute Cough in Children and Adults in Community Settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; (11): CD001831. PMID: 25420096
5. コデインリン酸塩. 添付文書.
6. Oduwole O, et al. Honey for Acute Cough in Children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; 4: CD007094. PMID: 29633783
7. 厚生労働省．ハチミツを与えるのは1 歳を過ぎてから．
8. Garland SN, et al. CHoosing Options for Insomnia in Cancer Effectively (CHOICE): Design of a Patient Centered Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Acupuncture and Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia. Contemp Clin Trials. 2016; 47: 349-355. PMID: 26956541
9. Kako J, et al. Fan Therapy Is Effective in Relieving Dyspnea in Patients With Terminally Ill Cancer: A Parallel-Arm, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018; 56: 493-500. PMID: 30009968
10. Shadkam MN, et al. A Comparison of the Effect of Honey, Dextromethorphan, and Diphenhydramine on Nightly Cough and Sleep Quality in Children and Their Parents. J Altern Complement Med. 2010; 16: 787-793. PMID: 20618098

7 day

アレルギー性鼻炎に対する、新薬「ビラスチン」 vs 旧薬「フェキソフェナジン」

☆ Okubo K, et al. Efficacy and safety of bilastine in Japanese patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III study. Allergol Int. 2017 ; 66: 97-105. PMID: 27421817

参考文献

1. Moretti ME, et al. Fetal safety of loratadine use in the first trimester of pregnancy: a multicenter study . J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 111: 479-483. PMID: 12642825
2. 国立成育医療研究センター. 授乳中に安全に使用できると考えられる薬.
3. クラリチン®錠． インタビューフォーム．
4. ビラノア®錠． インタビューフォーム．
5. 鼻アレルギー診療ガイドライン作成委員会. 鼻アレルギー診療ガイドライン －通年性鼻炎と花粉症－ 2016年版. ライフ・サイエンス. 2015.
6. Juel-Berg N, et al. Intranasal corticosteroids compared with oral antihistamines in allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2017; 31: 19-28. PMID: 28234147
7. Dresser GK, et al. Effect of Grapefruit Juice Volume on the Reduction of Fexofenadine Bioavailability: Possible Role of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005; 77: 170-177. PMID: 15735611
8. Luo J,et al. The Pharmacokinetic Exposure to Fexofenadine Is Volume-Dependently Reduced in Healthy Subjects Following Oral Administration With Apple Juice. Clin Transl Sci. 2016; 9: 201-206. PMID: 27197662
9. Hashiguchi K, et al. Therapeutic Effect of Bilastine in Japanese Cedar Pollinosis Using an Artificial Exposure Chamber (OHIO Chamber). Allergol Int. 2017; 66: 123-131. PMID: 27475625
10. 坪井 謙之介, 他．服薬アドヒアランスに影響を及ぼす患者の意識調査．医療薬学．2012; 38: 522-533.
11. DSU（医薬品安全対策情報）. 2019.12. No.285.
12. Kaszuba SM, et al. Superiority of an Intranasal Corticosteroid Compared With an Oral Antihistamine in the As-Needed Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. Arch Intern Med. 2001; 161: 2581-2587. PMID: 11718589

8 day

CVDリスクを抱える2型糖尿病患者に対する、厳格な血糖降下療法の有益性

☆ Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 2545-2559. PMID: 18539917

参考文献

1. Duckworth W, et al. Glucose Control and Vascular Complications in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129-139. PMID: 19092145
2. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive Blood Glucose Control and Vascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2560-2572. PMID: 18539916
3. Oates DJ, et al. Blood pressure and survival in the oldest old. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007; 55: 383-388. PMID: 17341240
4. SPRINT Research Group. A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373: 2103-2116. PMID: 26551272
5. Nanna MG, et al. The Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults: Results From the National Institutes of Health Pooled Cohorts. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019; 67: 2560-2567. PMID: 31411740
6. Kostis JB, et al. Meta-Analysis of Usefulness of Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia With Statins for Primary Prevention in Patients Older Than 75 Years. Am J Cardiol. 2020. 125: 1154-1157. PMID: 32088001
7. Feller M, et al. Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and Thyroid-Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018; 320: 1349-1359. PMID: 30285179
8. Intensive Blood-Glucose Control With Sulphonylureas or Insulin Compared With Conventional Treatment and Risk of Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998; 352: 837-853. PMID: 9742976
9. Currie CJ, et al. Survival as a Function of HbA(1c) in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Lancet. 2010; 375: 481-489. PMID: 20110121
10. Ohkubo Y,et al. Intensive Insulin Therapy Prevents the Progression of Diabetic Microvascular Complications in Japanese Patients With Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Prospective 6-year Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995; 28: 103-117. PMID: 7587918

9 day

DPP-4阻害薬の「サキサグリプチン」は、糖尿病患者の心血管イベントを抑制するか

☆ Scirica BM, et al. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1317-1326. PMID: 23992601

参考文献

1. 清野　裕．インクレチンの概念と研究の歴史．糖尿病．2009; 52: 415-417．
2. Creutzfeldt W, et al. The [Pre-] History of the Incretin Concept. Regul Pept. 2005; 128: 87-91. PMID: 15780427
3. Dunlay SM, et al. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America: This Statement Does Not Represent an Update of the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline Update. Circulation. 2019; 140: e294-e324. PMID: 31167558
4. 国立医薬品食品衛生研究所 安全情報部．医薬品安全性情報 Vol.14 No.09（2016/05/06）．
5. Cho YY, et al. Metformin Combined With Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors or Metformin Combined With Sulfonylureas in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Real World Analysis of the South Korean National Cohort. Metabolism. 2018; 85: 14-22. PMID: 29530797
6. Yang W, et al. Addition of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors to Insulin Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Investig. 2018; 9: 813-821. PMID: 29047219
7. Gu T, et al. Comparative Effect of Saxagliptin and Glimepiride With a Composite Endpoint of Adequate Glycaemic Control Without Hypoglycaemia and Without Weight Gain in Patients Uncontrolled With Metformin Therapy: Results From the SPECIFY Study, a 48-week, Multi-Centre, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019; 21: 939-948. PMID: 30520221
8. Schernthaner G, et al. Efficacy and Tolerability of Saxagliptin Compared With Glimepiride in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Study (GENERATION). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015; 17: 630-638. PMID: 25761977
9. Green JB, et al. Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373: 232-242. PMID: 26052984
10. Zannad F, et al. Heart Failure and Mortality Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Taking Alogliptin Versus Placebo in EXAMINE: A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind Trial. Lancet. 2015; 385: 2067-2076. PMID: 25765696
11. FDA Drug Safety Communication. FDA adds warnings about heart failure risk to labels of type 2 diabetes medicines containing saxagliptin and alogliptin

10 day

SGLT-2阻害薬「エンパグリフロジン」は、糖尿病患者の心血管イベントを抑制するか

☆ Zinman B, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373: 2117-2128. PMID: 26378978

参考文献

1. Naylor CD, et al. Measured Enthusiasm: Does the Method of Reporting Trial Results Alter Perceptions of Therapeutic Effectiveness? Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117: 916-921. PMID: 1443954
2. Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 644-657. PMID: 28605608
3. Wiviott SD, et al. Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380: 347-357. PMID: 30415602
4. Perkovic V,et al. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380: 2295-2306. PMID: 30990260
5. Cinti F, et al. Spotlight on Ertugliflozin and Its Potential in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence to Date. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017; 11: 2905-2919. PMID: 29042751
6. 金井好克. トランスポーター阻害に基づく糖尿病創薬：SGLT2阻害薬. Drug Delivery System. 2016; 31: 450-461.
7. Effect of Intensive Blood-Glucose Control With Metformin on Complications in Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998; 352: 854-865. PMID: 9742977
8. Packer M. Does Metformin Interfere With the Cardiovascular Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors? Questions About Its Role as the Cornerstone of Diabetes Treatment. Am J Med. 2020. pii: S0002-9343(20)30112-1. PMID: 32061625
9. McMurray JJV, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381: 1995-2008. PMID: 31535829
10. Scirica BM, et al. Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1317-1326. PMID: 23992601
11. Wang KL, et al. Sitagliptin and the Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure: A Population-Based Study. Int J Cardiol. 2014 ; 177: 86-90. PMID: 25499347
12. Kinsara AJ, et al. Metformin in Heart Failure Patients. Indian Heart J. 2018; 70: 175-176. PMID: 29455774
13. 大日本住友製薬．メトグルコ：メトホルミンの歴史
14. Salpeter SR,　et al. Risk of Fatal and Nonfatal Lactic Acidosis With Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; (1): CD002967. PMID: 20091535
15. 筒井裕之．糖尿病と慢性心不全　疫学からみた糖尿病合併心不全．糖尿病．2016; 59: 550-553.
16. Tsutsui H, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure in Japan. Circ J. 2006; 70: 1617-1623. PMID: 17127810

11 day

SGLT-2阻害薬「カナグリフロジン」は、糖尿病患者で腎保護効果を発揮するか

☆ Perkovic V, et al. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380: 2295-2306. PMID: 30990260

参考文献

1. Pitt B, et al. Effect of Losartan Compared With Captopril on Mortality in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure: Randomised Trial--The Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet. 2000; 355: 1582-1587. PMID: 10821361
2. ONTARGET Investigators. Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in Patients at High Risk for Vascular Events. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 1547-1559. PMID: 18378520
3. Granger CB, et al. Effects of Candesartan in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Left-Ventricular Systolic Function Intolerant to Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitors: The CHARM-Alternative Trial. Lancet. 2003; 362: 772-776. PMID: 13678870
4. ミカルディス錠．添付文書．
5. Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 644-657. PMID: 28605608
6. Yang JY, et al. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Lower-Extremity Amputation: Evolving Questions, Evolving Answers. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019; 21: 1223-1236. PMID: 30697897
7. Matthews DR, et al. Effects of Canagliflozin on Amputation Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: The CANVAS Program. Diabetologia. 2019; 62: 926-938. PMID: 30868176
8. Dicembrini I, et al, Peripheral Artery Disease and Amputations With Sodium-Glucose co-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019; 153: 138-144. PMID: 31150722
9. Yuan Z, et al. Risk of Lower Extremity Amputations in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Sodium-Glucose co-transporter-2 Inhibitors in the USA: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018; 20: 582-589. PMID: 28898514

コラム

• Manesh R Patel, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 883-891. PMID: 21830957

12 day

減量や生活習慣の改善は、2型糖尿病の発症を抑制するか

☆ Knowler WC, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 393-403. PMID: 11832527

参考文献

1. 厚生労働省．平成28 年国民健康・栄養調査報告．
2. Noto H, et al. Low-carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e55030. PMID: 23372809

13 day

脂質異常症の男性に対する、「プラバスタチン」の一次予防効果

☆ Shepherd J, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333: 1301-1307. PMID: 7566020

参考文献

1. Schaffer AL, et al. The Crux of the Matter: Did the ABC's Catalyst Program Change Statin Use in Australia? Med J Aust. 2015; 202: 591-595. PMID: 26068693
2. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results. II. The Relationship of Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease to Cholesterol Lowering. JAMA. 1984; 251: 365-374. PMID: 6361300
3. Naderi SH, et al. Adherence to Drugs That Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Meta-Analysis on 376,162 Patients. Am J Med. 2012; 125: 882–887.e1. PMID: 22748400
4. Hope HF, et al. Systematic Review of the Predictors of Statin Adherence for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. PLoS One. 2019; 14: e0201196. PMID: 30653535
5. Ueshima H. Explanation for the Japanese paradox: prevention of increase in coronary heart disease and reduction in stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb . 2007; 14: 278-286. PMID: 18174657
6. Nakamura H, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006; 368: 1155-1163. PMID: 17011942
7. Shepherd J, et al. Pravastatin in Elderly Individuals at Risk of Vascular Disease (PROSPER): A Randomised Controlled Trial. Lancet. 2002; 360: 1623-1630. PMID: 12457784
8. Han BH, et al. Effect of Statin Treatment vs Usual Care on Primary Cardiovascular Prevention Among Older Adults: The ALLHAT-LLT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017; 177: 955-965. PMID: 28531241

14 day

「フェノフィブラート」は、2型糖尿病を伴う脂質異常症患者の心血管イベントを抑制するか

☆ Keech A, et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005; 366: 1849-1861. PMID: 16310551

参考文献

1. Keene D, et al. Effect on Cardiovascular Risk of High Density Lipoprotein Targeted Drug Treatments Niacin, Fibrates, and CETP Inhibitors: Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Including 117,411 Patients. BMJ. 2014; 349: g4379. PMID: 25038074
2. Jakob T, et al. Fibrates for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Events. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 11: CD009753. PMID: 27849333
3. Keech A, et al. Correction to the FIELD Study Report. Lancet. 2006; 368: 1415. PMID: 17055933
4. 医薬品医療機器総合機構．ペマフィブラート審査報告書．
5. Taylor F, et al. Statins for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; (1): CD004816. PMID: 23440795
6. Zhong P, et al. Secondary Prevention of Major Cerebrovascular Events With Seven Different Statins: A Multi-Treatment Meta-Analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017; 11: 2517-2526. PMID: 28919704
7. Nordestgaard BG, et al. Nonfasting Triglycerides and Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Death in Men and Women. JAMA. 2007; 298: 299-308. PMID: 17635890
8. Pedersen SB, et al. Nonfasting Mild-to-Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis. JAMA Intern Med. 2016; 176: 1834-1842. PMID: 27820614
9. Wang D, et al. Fibrates for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; (10): CD009580. PMID: 26497361

15 day

「エゼチミブ」を「シンバスタチン」に追加することの有益性

☆ Cannon CP, et al. Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372: 2387-2397. PMID: 26039521

参考文献

1. Supplementary Appendix. Figure S1.
2. Preiss D, et al. Risk of Incident Diabetes With Intensive-Dose Compared With Moderate-Dose Statin Therapy: A Meta-Analysis. JAMA. 2011; 305: 2556-2564. PMID: 21693744
3. Blazing MA, et al. Evaluating cardiovascular event reduction with ezetimibe as an adjunct to simvastatin in 18,144 patients after acute coronary syndromes: final baseline characteristics of the IMPROVE-IT study population. Am Heart J. 2014; 168: 205-212. e1. PMID: 25066560

16 day

「ARB」と「ACE阻害薬」に期待された、併用による上乗せ効果

☆ ONTARGET Investigators. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 1547-1559. PMID: 18378520

参考文献

1. ミカルディス錠. 添付文書.
2. Li EC, et al. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Versus Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for Primary Hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; (8): CD009096. PMID: 25148386
3. Lv X, et al. Comparison of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A PRISMA-compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97: e0256. PMID: 29642146
4. Fried LF, et al. Combined Angiotensin Inhibition for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1892-1903. PMID: 24206457
5. Phillips CO, et al. Adverse Effects of Combination Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Plus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors for Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Quantitative Review of Data From Randomized Clinical Trials. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167: 1930-1936. PMID: 17923591
6. Kuenzli A, et al. Meta-analysis of Combined Therapy With Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists Versus ACE Inhibitors Alone in Patients With Heart Failure. PLoS One. 2010; 5: e9946. PMID: 20376345
7. 八木元広, 他. ACE阻害薬による空咳の調査. 病院薬学．1997; 23: 570-577.

17 day

高血圧患者に対する、120mmHg未満を目指した厳格な降圧治療の有益性

☆ SPRINT Research Group. A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373: 2103-2116. PMID: 26551272

参考文献

1. ACCORD Study Group. Effects of Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362: 1575-1585. PMID: 20228401
2. Nishimura K, et al. Predicting Coronary Heart Disease Using Risk Factor Categories for a Japanese Urban Population, and Comparison With the Framingham Risk Score: The Suita Study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2014; 21: 784-798. PMID: 24671110

18 day

「Ca拮抗薬」や「ACE阻害薬」は、「サイアザイド系利尿薬」よりも優れているか

☆ ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) . JAMA. 2002; 288: 2981-2997. PMID: 12479763

参考文献

1. Heidenreich PA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine, and Lisinopril as First-Step Treatment for Patients With Hypertension: An Analysis of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). J Gen Intern Med. 2008; 23: 509-516. PMID: 18228109
2. 循環器トライアルデータベース®
3. Prevention of Stroke by Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Older Persons With Isolated Systolic Hypertension. Final Results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1991; 265: 3255-3264. PMID: 2046107
4. Roush GC, et al. Chlorthalidone Compared With Hydrochlorothiazide in Reducing Cardiovascular Events: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analyses. Hypertension. 2012; 59: 1110-1117. PMID: 22526259
5. Dhalla IA, et al. Chlorthalidone Versus Hydrochlorothiazide for the Treatment of Hypertension in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 158: 447-455. PMID: 23552325
6. Chen YJ, et al. First-line Drugs Inhibiting the Renin Angiotensin System Versus Other First-Line Antihypertensive Drug Classes for Hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; 11: CD008170. PMID: 30480768
7. Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial Collaborative Research Group. Diuretic Versus Alpha-Blocker as First-Step Antihypertensive Therapy: Final Results From the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Hypertension. 2003; 42: 239-246. PMID: 12925554

19 day

80歳以上の高齢者に対する、降圧治療の有効性と安全性

☆ Beckett NS, et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 1887-1898. PMID: 18378519

参考文献

1. 厚生労働省．令和元年簡易生命表の概況．
2. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA. 2002; 288: 2981-2997. PMID: 12479763
3. Brown MJ, et al. Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Randomised to Double-Blind Treatment With a Long-Acting Calcium-Channel Blocker or Diuretic in the International Nifedipine GITS Study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT). Lancet. 2000; 356: 366-372. PMID: 10972368
4. Turin TC, et al. Lifetime Risk of Stroke in Japan. Stroke. 2010; 41: 1552-1554. PMID: 20489172
5. Musini VM, et al. Pharmacotherapy for Hypertension in Adults 60 Years or Older. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 6: CD000028. PMID: 31167038
6. Rådholm K, et al. Blood Pressure and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Nursing Home Residents. Age Ageing. 2016; 45: 826-832. PMID: 27496923
7. Williamson JD, et al. Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016; 315: 2673-2682. PMID: 27195814

20 day

心不全に禁忌とされてきた「β遮断薬」は、心不全の治療薬となり得るか

☆ The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999; 353: 9-13. PMID: 10023943

参考文献

1. Waagstein F, et al. Long-term Beta-Blockade in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Effects of Short- And Long-Term Metoprolol Treatment Followed by Withdrawal and Readministration of Metoprolol. Circulation. 1989; 80: 551-563. PMID: 2548768
2. Brand DA, et al. Cardiologists' Practices Compared With Practice Guidelines: Use of Beta-Blockade After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995; 26: 1432-1436. PMID: 7594066
3. Simon T, et al. Bisoprolol Dose-Response Relationship in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: A Subgroup Analysis in the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol study(CIBIS II). Eur Heart J. 2003; 24: 552-559. PMID: 12643888
4. Kotecha D, et al. Efficacy of β blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet .2014; 384: 2235-2243. PMID: 25193873
5. Cadrin-Tourigny J, et al. Decreased Mortality With Beta-Blockers in Patients With Heart Failure and Coexisting Atrial Fibrillation: An AF-CHF Substudy. JACC Heart Fail . 2017; 5: 99-106. PMID: 28089316
6. 日本循環器学会/ 日本心不全学会合同ガイドライン．急性・慢性心不全診療ガイドライン（2017年改訂版）．
7. Waagstein F, et al. Beneficial Effects of Metoprolol in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) Trial Study Group. Lancet. 1993; 342: 1441-1446. PMID: 7902479
8. Waagstein F, et al. Effect of Chronic Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade in Congestive Cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J. 1975; 37: 1022-1036. PMID: 1191416
9. Azad N, et al. Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Older Population. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2014; 11: 329-337. PMID: 25593582
10. Fonarow GC, et al. Influence of Beta-Blocker Continuation or Withdrawal on Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: Findings From the OPTIMIZE-HF Program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 52: 190-199. PMID: 18617067
11. Metra M, et al. Should Beta-Blocker Therapy Be Reduced or Withdrawn After an Episode of Decompensated Heart Failure? Results From COMET. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007; 9: 901-909. PMID: 17581778
12. López-Sendón J, et al. Expert Consensus Document on Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25: 1341-1362. PMID: 15288162
13. Rich MW. Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure in the Elderly: Adverse Events. Heart Fail Rev. 2012; 17: 589-595. PMID: 21688185

21 day

アルドステロン拮抗薬「スピロノラクトン」は、心不全患者の予後を改善するか

☆ Pitt B, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 709-717. PMID: 10471456

参考文献

1. Staessen J, et al. Rise in Plasma Concentration of Aldosterone During Long-Term Angiotensin II Suppression. J Endocrinol. 1981; 91: 457-465. PMID: 7035596
2. Naruse M, et al. Aldosterone Breakthrough During Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Therapy in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension. 2002; 40: 28-33. PMID: 12105134
3. Sato A, et al. Effectiveness of Aldosterone Blockade in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy. Hypertension. 2003; 41: 64-68. PMID: 12511531
4. Juurlink DN, et al. Rates of Hyperkalemia After Publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351: 543-551. PMID: 15295047
5. Narula HS, et al. Gynaecomastia--pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014; 10: 684-698. PMID: 25112235
6. Veeregowda SH,et al. Spironolactone-Induced Unilateral Gynecomastia. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2018; 8: 45-47. PMID: 29552536
7. Kreiner M, et al. Craniofacial Pain as the Sole Symptom of Cardiac Ischemia: A Prospective Multicenter Study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007; 138: 74-79. PMID: 17197405

コラム

• Daniel J Oates, et al. Blood pressure and survival in the oldest old. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007; 55: 383-388. PMID: 17341240

22 day

心筋梗塞後の不整脈を、抗不整脈薬で抑制することの有益性

☆ Echt DS, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324: 781-788. PMID: 1900101

参考文献

1. White WB, et al. Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients With Gout. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1200-1210. PMID: 29527974

コラム

• Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1988; 2: 349-360. PMID: 2899772
• J S Yudkin. Assessing the evidence on aspirin in diabetes mellitus. Gemini or Libra; lumping or splitting; surrogate or hard; low or high; interventionist or nihilist. Diabetologia. 1996; 39: 1407-1408. PMID: 8933014

23 day

心房細動患者に対する、新薬「アピキサバン」 vs 旧薬「ワルファリン」

☆ Granger CB, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 981-992. PMID: 21870978

参考文献

1. Inoue H, et al. Target International Normalized Ratio Values for Preventing Thromboembolic and Hemorrhagic Events in Japanese Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Results of the J-RHYTHM Registry. Circ J. 2013; 77: 2264-2270. PMID: 23708863
2. Connolly SJ, et al. Dabigatran Versus Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361: 1139-1151. PMID: 19717844
3. エリキュース錠. 添付文書.
4. 厚生労働省. 平成30年国民健康・栄養調査報告.
5. Halvorsen S, et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin according to age for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: observations from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J. 2014; 35: 1864-1872. PMID: 24561548
6. Yao X, et al. Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Dosing in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Renal Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 69: 2779-2790. PMID: 28595692
7. Shen AY, et al. Racial/ethnic Differences in the Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 50: 309–315. PMID: 17659197
8. Kohsaka S, et al. Safety and Effectiveness of Apixaban in Comparison to Warfarin in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Propensity-Matched Analysis From Japanese Administrative Claims Data. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018; 34: 1627–1634. PMID: 29772946
9. Kimura T, et al. A Cost-Utility Analysis for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Combination With Warfarin and Dabigatran Based on the CHADS 2 Score in Japan. J Cardiol. 2017; 69: 89-97. PMID: 26947099

24 day

動脈硬化性疾患の患者に対する、新薬「クロピドグレル」 vs 旧薬「アスピリン」

☆ CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet. 1996; 348: 1329-1339. PMID: 8918275

参考文献

1. Ferreiro JL, et al. Impact of Smoking on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Treated With Aspirin or Clopidogrel: Insights From the CAPRIE Trial (Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63: 769-777. PMID: 24239662
2. Wang Y, et al. Association Between CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Allele Status and Efficacy of Clopidogrel for Risk Reduction Among Patients With Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. JAMA. 2016; 316: 70-78. PMID: 27348249

25 day

高尿酸血症患者に対する、新薬「フェブキソスタット」 vs 旧薬「アロプリノール」

☆ White WB, et al. Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients with Gout. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1200-1210. PMID: 29527974

参考文献

1. 医薬品医療機器総合機構（PMDA）
2. PMDA．平成29年度 薬局における医薬品安全性情報の入手・伝達・活用状況等に関する調査．
3. PMDA. 医薬品リスク管理計画（RMP：Risk Management Plan）

26 day

ヘリコバクター・ピロリ菌の除菌は、自覚症状のない人でも有益か

☆ Ford AC, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric neoplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;（7）: CD005583. PMID: 26198377

参考文献

1. 国立がん研究センターがん情報サービス．がん登録・統計．
2. Azuma T. Helicobacter Pylori CagA Protein Variation Associated With Gastric Cancer in Asia. J Gastroenterol. 2004; 39: 97–103. PMID: 15069615
3. Murakami K, et al. Vonoprazan, a Novel Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker, as a Component of First-Line and Second-Line Triple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication: A Phase III, Randomised, Double-Blind Study. Gut. 2016; 65: 1439-1446. PMID: 26935876
4. 海外邦人医療基金. 海外生活と水.
5. Taye B, et al. Is Helicobacter Pylori Infection Inversely Associated With Atopy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45: 882–890. PMID: 25207960
6. Lim JH, et al. Inverse Relationship Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Asthma Among Adults Younger Than 40 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95: e2609. PMID: 26937899
7. Wu XW, et al. Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asians: A Meta-Analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21: 4750–4756. PMID: 25914487

27 day

SSRI/SNRIに抵抗性のあるうつ病患者に対する、NaSSA「ミルタザピン」の上乗せ効果

☆ Kessler D, et al. Combining mirtazapine with SSRIs or SNRIs for treatment-resistant depression: the MIR RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2018; 22: 1-136. PMID: 30468145

参考文献

1. 仙波純一, 監訳. ストール精神薬理学エセンシャルズ　神経科学的基礎と応用　第4 版．メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル．2015．
2. Kojima M, et al. Cross-cultural Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Japan. Psychiatry Res. 2002; 110: 291-299. PMID: 12127479
3. McGrath PJ, et al. Tranylcypromine versus venlafaxine plus mirtazapine following three failed antidepressant medication trials for depression: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163: 1531-1541. PMID: 16946177
4. Taylor DM, 他. モーズレイ処方ガイドライン 第13版 日本語版. ワイリー・パブリッシング・ジャパン. 2019.
5. Bauer M, 他著. 山田和男, 訳. 単極性うつ病の生物学的治療ガイドライン 第 I 部：大うつ病性障害の急性期と継続期の治療 2013年改訂版. 星和書店. 2014.
6. 日本うつ病学会. 日本うつ病学会治療ガイドライン　Ⅱ．うつ病（ DSM 5 ）/大うつ病性障害. 2016.
7. Inoue T, et al. Sertraline treatment of patients with major depressive disorder who failed initial treatment with paroxetine or fluvoxamine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 38: 223-227. PMID: 22504727
8. Mohamed S, et al. Effect of Antidepressant Switching vs Augmentation on Remission Among Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Unresponsive to Antidepressant Treatment: The VAST-D Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017; 318: 132-145. PMID: 28697253
9. Nelson JC, et al. Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry. 2009; 166: 980-991. PMID: 19687129
10. Davies P, et al. Pharmacological interventions for treatment-resistant depression in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 12: CD010557. PMID: 31846068
11. Zhou X, et al. Comparative efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of augmentation agents in treatment-resistant depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015; 76: e487-498. PMID: 25919841
12. Crossley NA, et al. Acceleration and augmentation of antidepressants with lithium for depressive disorders: two meta-analyses of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.J Clin Psychiatry. 2007; 68: 935-940. PMID: 17592920

28 day

がん治療において、「補完代替医療」を選択することのリスク

☆ Johnson SB, et al. Complementary Medicine, Refusal of Conventional Cancer Therapy, and Survival Among Patients With Curable Cancers. JAMA Oncol. 2018; 4: 1375-1381. PMID: 30027204

参考文献

1. Sasaki H, et al. Patient Perceptions of Symptoms and Concerns During Cancer Chemotherapy: 'Affects My Family' Is the Most Important. Int J Clin Oncol. 2017; 22: 793-800. PMID: 28386794
2. Carelle N, et al. Changing Patient Perceptions of the Side Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy. Cancer. 2002; 95: 155-163. PMID: 12115329
3. Coates A, et al. On the Receiving End--Patient Perception of the Side-Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1983; 19: 203-208. PMID: 6681766
4. Bahall M, et al. Perceptions of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Cardiac Patients in South Trinidad: A Qualitative Study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015; 15: 99. PMID: 25887906
5. Salamonsen A. Mind the Gap! Lay and Medical Perceptions of Risks Associated With the Use of Alternative Treatment and Conventional Medicine. Forsch Komplementmed. 2015; 22: 24-29. PMID: 25824401
6. Miller W R, et al. Motivational Interviewing（Third Edition）: Helping People Change.Guilford Press. 2012.
7. 堀越　勝，他．精神療法の基本：支持から認知行動療法まで．医学書院．2012．

29 day

HPVワクチンの接種は、子宮頸部上皮内腫瘍（子宮頸がんの前病変）を減らすか

☆ Palmer T, et al. Prevalence of cervical disease at age 20 after immunisation with bivalent HPV vaccine at age 12-13 in Scotland: retrospective population study. BMJ. 2019; 365: l1161. PMID: 30944092

参考文献

1. 日本産科婦人科学会．子宮頸がんとHPV ワクチンに関する正しい理解のために．
2. Sipp D, et al. No Vacillation on HPV Vaccination. Cell. 2018; 172: 1163-1167. PMID: 29522737
3. Winer RL, et al. Risk of Female Human Papillomavirus Acquisition Associated With First Male Sex Partner. J Infect Dis. 2008; 197: 279-282. PMID: 18179386
4. de Sanjosé S, et al. Worldwide Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Cervical Human Papillomavirus DNA in Women With Normal Cytology: A Meta-Analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007; 7: 453-459. PMID: 17597569
5. Arbyn M, et al. Prophylactic Vaccination Against Human Papillomaviruses to Prevent Cervical Cancer and Its Precursors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; 5: CD009069. PMID: 29740819
6. Cogliano V, et al. Carcinogenicity of Human Papillomaviruses. Lancet Oncol. 2005; 6: 204. PMID: 15830458
7. Cubie HA. Diseases Associated With Human Papillomavirus Infection. Virology. 2013; 445: 21-34. PMID: 23932731
8. Garland SM, et al. Impact and Effectiveness of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Systematic Review of 10 Years of Real-world Experience. Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 63: 519-527. PMID: 27230391
9. Kavanagh K, et al. Changes in the Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Following a National Bivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programme in Scotland: A 7-year Cross-Sectional Study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017; 17: 1293-1302. PMID: 28965955
10. Simms KT, et al. Impact of HPV Vaccine Hesitancy on Cervical Cancer in Japan: A Modelling Study. Lancet Public Health. 2020; 5: e223-e234 PMID: 32057317
11. Remschmidt C, et al. Frequency and Impact of Confounding by Indication and Healthy Vaccinee Bias in Observational Studies Assessing Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review. BMC Infect Dis. 2015; 15: 429. PMID: 26474974
12. Palmer TJ, et al. HPV Immunisation and Increased Uptake of Cervical Screening in Scottish Women; Observational Study of Routinely Collected National Data. Br J Cancer. 2016; 114: 576-581. PMID: 26794278
13. Franco EL, et al. Cervical Cancer: Epidemiology, Prevention and the Role of Human Papillomavirus Infection. CMAJ. 2001; 164: 1017-1025.　PMID: 11314432
14. Drolet M, et al. Population-level Impact and Herd Effects Following the Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programmes: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Lancet. 2019; 394: 497-509.　PMID: 31255301
15. Suzuki S, et al. No Association Between HPV Vaccine and Reported Post-Vaccination Symptoms in Japanese Young Women: Results of the Nagoya Study. Papillomavirus Res. 2018; 5: 96-103. PMID: 29481964
16. Sakamoto M, et al. Effectiveness on High-Grade Cervical Abnormalities and Long-Term Safety of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Japanese Women. J Infect Chemother. 2019; 25: 520-525. PMID: 30879979
17. 日本医療政策機構．2019 年 日本の医療に関する世論調査．
18. Okuhara T, et al. Newspaper Coverage Before and After the HPV Vaccination Crisis Began in Japan: A Text Mining Analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19: 770. PMID: 31208394

コラム

• HPVワクチン定期予防接種の啓発ポスターの例： 日本小児科医会
• HPVワクチン定期予防接種の啓発ポスターの例： 兵庫県産科婦人科学会
• 日本産科婦人科学会. 日本産科婦人科学会は自治体が行うHPVワクチン(子宮頸がん予防ワクチン)が定期接種対象ワクチンであることの告知活動を強く支持します.

30 day

認知機能障害が軽度のうちから、「コリンエステラーゼ阻害薬」を服用することの有益性

☆ Russ TC, et al. Cholinesterase inhibitors for mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2012 ;（9）: CD009132. PMID: 22972133

参考文献

1. Okumura Y, et al. Antidementia Drug Use in Japan: Bridging the Research-To-Practice Gap. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018; 33: 1286-1287. PMID: 29781202
2. Butler M, et al. Over-the-Counter Supplement Interventions to Prevent Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2018; 168: 52-62. PMID: 29255909
3. Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, et al. Treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CMAJ Open. 2015; 3: E419-427. PMID: 26770964
4. Mitchell AJ, et al. Rate of Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia--Meta-Analysis of 41 Robust Inception Cohort Studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009; 119: 252-265. PMID: 19236314
5. Roberts R, et al. Classification and Epidemiology of MCI. Clin Geriatr Med. 2013; 29: 753-772. PMID: 24094295
6. Mueller C, et al. Associations of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment With Reduced Mortality in Alzheimer's Disease: A Retrospective Survival Analysis. Age Ageing. 2018; 47: 88-94. PMID: 28655175
7. Hapca S, et al. Are Antidementia Drugs Associated With Reduced Mortality After a Hospital Emergency Admission in the Population With Dementia Aged 65 Years and Older? Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2019; 5: 431-440. PMID: 31517030